用途: 从指定表中取出指定的列的数据。
语法:select column_name(s) from table_name
解释:从数据库中选取资料列,并允许从一或多个资料表中,选取一或多个资料列或资料行。select 陈述式的完整语法相当复杂,但主要子句可摘要为:
select select_list
into new_table ]
from table_source
where search_condition ]
group by group_by_expression ]
h**ing search_condition ]
order by order_expression [ asc | desc ]
例: “persons” 表中的数据有。
lastname, firstname, address, city
hansen, ola, timoteivn 10, sandnes
svendson, tove, bor**n 23, sandnes
pettersen, kari, storgt 20, st**anger
选出字段名” lastname”、”firstname” 的数据。
select lastname,firstname from persons
返回结果:lastname, firstname
hansen, ola
svendson, tove
pettersen, kari
选出所有字段的数据。
select * from persons
返回结果:lastname, firstname, address, city
hansen, ola, timoteivn 10, sandnes
svendson, tove, bor**n 23, sandnes
pettersen, kari, storgt 20, st**anger
where用途:被用来规定一种选择查询的标准。
语法:select column from table where column condition value
下面的操作符能被使用在where中:, 注意: 在某些sql的版本中不等号< >能被写作为!= 解释: select语句返回where子句中条件为true的数据。 例:从” persons”表中选出生活在” sandnes” 的人。 select * from persons where city='sandnes' "persons" 表中的数据有: lastname, firstname, address, city, year hansen, ola, timoteivn 10, sandnes, 1951 svendson, tove, bor**n 23, sandnes, 1978 svendson, stale, kaivn 18, sandnes, 1980 pettersen, kari, storgt 20, st**anger, 1960 返回结果:lastname, firstname, address, city, year hansen, ola, timoteivn 10, sandnes, 1951 svendson, tove, bor**n 23, sandnes, 1978 svendson, stale, kaivn 18, sandnes, 1980 and & or 用途:在where子句中and和or被用来连接两个或者更多的条件。 解释:and在结合两个布尔表达式时,只有在两个表达式都为 true 时才传回 true or在结合两个布尔表达式时,只要其中一个条件为 true 时,or便传回 true 例:lastname, firstname, address, city hansen, ola, timoteivn 10, sandnes svendson, tove, bor**n 23, sandnes svendson, stephen, kaivn 18, sandnes 用and运算子来查找"persons" 表中firstname为”tove”而且lastname为” svendson”的数据。 select * from persons where firstname='tove' and lastname='svendson' 返回结果: lastname, firstname, address, city svendson, tove, bor**n 23, sandnes 用or运算子来查找"persons" 表中firstname为”tove”或者lastname为” svendson”的数据。 select * from persons where firstname='tove' or lastname='svendson' 返回结果: lastname, firstname, address, city svendson, tove, bor**n 23, sandnes svendson, stephen, kaivn 18, sandnes 你也能结合and和or (使用括号形成复杂的表达式),如: select * from persons where firstname='tove' or firstname='stephen') and lastname='svendson' 返回结果:lastname, firstname, address, city svendson, tove, bor**n 23, sandnes svendson, stephen, kaivn 18, sandnes between…and 用途: 指定需返回数据的范围。 语法:select column_name from table_name where column_name between value1 and value2 例:“persons”表中的原始数据。 lastname, firstname, address, city hansen, ola, timoteivn 10, sandnes nordmann, anna, neset 18, sandnes pettersen, kari, storgt 20, st**anger svendson, tove, bor**n 23, sandnes 用between…and返回lastname为从”hansen”到”pettersen”的数据: select * from persons where lastname between 'hansen' and 'pettersen' 返回结果:lastname, firstname, address, city hansen, ola, timoteivn 10, sandnes nordmann, anna, neset 18, sandnes pettersen, kari, storgt 20, st**anger 为了显示指定范围之外的数据,也可以用not操作符: select * from persons where lastname not between 'hansen' and 'pettersen' 返回结果:lastname, firstname, address, city svendson, tove, bor**n 23, sandnes 用途: distinct关键字被用作返回唯一的值。 语法:select distinct column-name(s) from table-name 解释: 当column-name(s)中存在重复的值时,返回结果仅留下一个。 例:“orders”表中的原始数据。 company, ordernumber sega, 3412 w3schools, 2312 trio, 4678 w3schools, 6798 用distinct关键字返回company字段中唯一的值: select distinct company from orders 返回结果:company segaw3schools trioorder by 用途:指定结果集的排序。 语法:select column-name(s) from table-name order by 解释: 指定结果集的排序,可以按照asc(递增方式排序,从最低值到最高值)或者desc(递减方式排序,从最高值到最低值)的方式进行排序,默认的方式是asc 例:“orders”表中的原始数据: company, ordernumber sega, 3412 abc shop, 5678 w3schools, 2312 w3schools, 6798 按照company字段的升序方式返回结果集: select company, ordernumber from orders order by company 返回结果: company, ordernumber abc shop, 5678 sega, 3412 w3schools, 6798 w3schools, 2312 按照company字段的降序方式返回结果集: select company, ordernumber from orders order by company desc 返回结果:company, ordernumber w3schools, 6798 w3schools, 2312 sega, 3412 abc shop, 5678 group by 用途:对结果集进行分组,常与汇总函数一起使用。 用途 从指定表中取出指定的列的数据。语法 解释 从数据库中选取资料列,并允许从一或多个资料表中,选取一或多个资料列或资料行。select 陈述式的完整语法相当复杂,但主要子句可摘要为 select select list into new table from table source where ... 用途 从指定表中取出指定的列的数据。语法 解释 从数据库中选取资料列,并允许从一或多个资料表中,选取一或多个资料列或资料行。select陈述式的完整语法相当复杂,但主要子句可摘要为 select select list into new table from table source where s... 知识要点 1 transact sql运算符 1 算术运算符。注 null与任何值运算结果为null。运算可用于datetime型数据。2 字符串运算符。3 比较运算符。逻辑常量 ture false。4 逻辑运算符。not 非 and 与 or 或 between 指定范围 like 模糊匹配 5...SQL语法手册
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