高考必备介词表(详解)
ofspite ofofof
about 关于,对于,在附近,在…周围,在…范围。
在指“不久就要……”时,后通常接不定式,如about to start。也有接动名词,如about starting。但是不可再加表示时间的词,如不可说about starting at once;
指“大约”的意思时,表达方式有about ten,about half等。注意ten和half都是明确的数量,about不该用在“多少不定”的词前,如about more than ten,about less than half;
与at搭配使用时,about是副词,没有at时,about 是介词。句中可有at,也可没有,意思相同。i went (at) about five (o'clock).
above 在…以上(标准)超过,过于。
表示位置时笼统指“在上方”,不一定垂直,也不与其宾语相接触。
the glider was soaring above the valley.
那架滑翔机在山谷上空滑翔。
applicants must be above the age of 18.
申请者的年龄必须超过18岁。
the temperature has been above the **erage recently.
近来的气温一直比平均温度高。
the sun rose above the horizon.
太阳升到地平线上。
the bird is flying low above the water.
那只鸟在水面上低飞。
a captain in the n**y ranks above a captain in the army.
海军的上校军衔高于陆军的上尉军衔。
across 交叉,横穿,在…(对面) 那边。
across意为从一头到另一头,处于跨越的位置。后常加from,如:
he lives across (the street) from my house.
他住在我的房子的对面。
与across不同,through是指在三维空间里移动。如:
we walked across the ice.
i walked through the wood.
after 在…之后(时间),在…后面。
1. 注意after和in的使用:从某时说到多少时间以后,不用after,而用in。如果指“某个时刻,日期或事件以后”,用after。
he will/would arrive in four weeks.
he will(或would)arrive after four o'clock /5 july/the ceremony.
2. 表达“某事件的若干时间以后”时,应是“若干时间after事件”,而不是“after若干时间of事件”。可说two hours after his arrival,不可说after two hours of his arrival。
在“two hours after his arrival”前加不同的介词,有不同的意思:“two hours after his arrival”单用时指“他到达两小时以后”。若前面加the,如the two hours after his arrival指“他到达以后的两小时”,加for指“在他到达以后的两小时全段时间里”,加in 跟没有in意思相同,加within指“在他到达以后的两小时中的某时刻”;
3. 指“若干时间after日期或月份”时,常把当天的日期或当月除外。如five days after 3 july,指从7月4日算起的5天以后,也就是7月9日。
但有例外,five days after i july可能指7月8日,months after july可能指11月,注意避免这种结构产生误解;
4. 指“从过去的某时或某事说到现在”时,不用after,用since,所以可说since his graduation he has been abroad.(since不可改成after)一定要改的话,可表示为after his graduation he went abroad.
这里的after是介词,用作连接词时用法一样。
he went abroad after he graduated.
不可说 he has been abroad after he graduated.
5. half after four,five minutes after eight等是美国英语,相当于英国英语half past four,five minutes past eight等,英国方言中也有half after four等表达方式;
6. after引导的状语从句,用现在时态,不用将来时态。
i shall start after he comes.
7. after常指时间先后的次序,而behind常指位置,如august comes after july,用after,,而a garden lies behind the house,用behind。不过有时after和behind可以通用。
please shut the door after/behind you.
he came in after/behind her.
5. against
against 相反,反对,逆着,靠着。
用在fight,strive,struggle等词后面,同with意思相同,不过against更强调一种困难中的反抗。
we fight for the weak against the strong.
2.作为介词,against后接的宾语有时可省略。
he had intended to come but somehow decided against(it).
作“反对”解时反义词是for。
there are 26 votes for him and 8 against him.
有26票赞成他,8票反对他。
we sailed against the wind.
我们逆风航行。
it's against your promise to go on smoking.
继续抽烟,这违背了你的诺言。
they forced me to do things against my will.
他们强迫我做违背我心意的事。
he propped himself against the wall.
他倚靠着墙。
along 顺着,沿着,带着。
1. 作为介词时,与名词road,river,corridor,line等连用,常指那些有这细长外形的名词。
i saw her running along the road.
2. 涉及到时期或活动时,常用through,如through the centuries(not along the centuries)和all through the journey(not all along the journey)。
we walked along the road.
我们沿着路走。
the procession passed along the street.
游行队伍沿着街道前进。
you can go straight along this street to the traffic light.
你可以顺着这条街一直走到红绿灯处。
he walked along the mountain ridge.
他顺着山脊走。
among 在…之中(三者以上)
among与between的比较:among用在三个或三个以上的人或物前,between是用在两者之间, 与and搭配,如between he and me,但不与among搭配,不能说among a, b and c。表示在某些物体的两边之间时,不管物体的数量多少,用between。
divide或share一些东西的时候,单数名词用divide between和share between,而复数名词用between或among都可。
there is a little valley between high mountains.
he divided his money between his wife, his daughter and his sister.
i shared the food between/among all my friends.
around 围绕,四处,在…周围。
1. around和round相似,均作副词和介词用。美国人习惯用around,如下列各例句:
he turned the moon, the artificial satellites move around the earth.
i went around to the post-office.
around 800 men came.
2. around有一些固定的搭配,如around and about,around and above,all around等。而有时不可用around,如winter comes around,all the year around,win one around等;
3. round与around的比较:round常指在圈内或者曲线上的移动或定位。
英国人还常用round作“去到一个地方的每个部分”或“分东西给组里的每个人”。而around则指不明确的,模糊的移动或定位。
she walked round the car and looked at the wheels.
we walked round the old part of the town.
could you pass the cups round, please?
the children were running around/about everywhere.
as 当作,作为,以…身份。
1. as作“以…的身份,以…资格,作为,以…角色”解时常与动词act,employ,function,serve,speak,work或形容词famous,known, recognized等连用。
as a cub reporter he would learn the facts of life in the news***** world.
作为一名初出茅庐的记者,他要了解报界生涯的内幕。
just as writing a fiction,programming is a process of creating art.
如同写**一样,程序设计也是一个艺术创造的过程。
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